This article examines the main aspects of interreligious relations between Orthodox and Muslims. Special attention will be paid to the historical, cultural and social contexts that shape the modern relationship between these two religious communities. An emphasis on understanding and respecting diff erences can promote peaceful coexistence and mutual understanding. In the modern world, interreligious relations occupy an important place in social and political life. Islam and Orthodoxy, being two of the world's largest religions represented in Russia, often find themselves in the spotlight due to diff erences in teachings. Studying their interaction helps to understand many aspects of intercultural dialogue and conflict, which has remained relevant for centuries.