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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">minbar</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Minbar. Islamic Studies</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Minbar. Islamic Studies</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2618-9569</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2712-7990</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Russian Islamic Institute</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31162/2618-9569-2025-18-3-524-539</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">minbar-1558</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ИСТОРИЧЕСКИЕ НАУКИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>HISTORY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Функционирование института абыстайства у татар до начала ХХ века</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The functioning of the institution of abistayhood among the Tatars until the beginning of the 20th century</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0001-9093-8056</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гайнутдинов</surname><given-names>К. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gainutdinov</surname><given-names>K. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Гайнутдинов Карим Марселевич, студент магистратуры </p><p>г. Москва </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Karim M. Gainutdinov, Master's student</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">karim1438@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1222-957X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Давлетшина</surname><given-names>Л. Х.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Davletshina</surname><given-names>L. Kh.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Давлетшина Лейла Хасановна, доктор филологических наук, доцент Института международных отношений, истории и востоковедения; ведущий научный сотрудник Института языка, литературы и искусства им. Г. Ибрагимова</p><p>г. Казань</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Leyla Kh. Davletshina, Dr. Sci. (Philology), Associate Professor of the Institute of International Relations, History and Oriental Studies; Leading Researcher at G. Ibragimov Institute of Language, Literature and Art</p><p>Kazan</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">leyla.davletshina@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Национальный исследовательский университет «Высшая школа экономики»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>National Research University «Higher School of Economics»</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Казанский федеральный университет ; Академия наук Республики Татарстан</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Kazan Federal University ; Tatarstan Academy of Sciences</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>13</day><month>10</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>18</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>524</fpage><lpage>539</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Гайнутдинов К.М., Давлетшина Л.Х., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Гайнутдинов К.М., Давлетшина Л.Х.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Gainutdinov K.M., Davletshina L.K.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.minbar.su/jour/article/view/1558">https://www.minbar.su/jour/article/view/1558</self-uri><abstract><p>Институт абыстайства, известный на сегодняшний день, в том или ином виде сформировался и функционировал среди предков татар сотни лет. На протяжении столетий абыстай выполняли роль мугаллимов, то есть учителей и духовных наставников для татарок. Актуальность темы данной работы обусловлена тем, что она является важной составляющей частью такой проблемы, как история женского и исламского образования у татар. Вводятся в оборот полевые материалы, собранные автором в период с 2022 по 2024 г. Данная статья является первым исследованием, в котором дается комплексное описание феномена абыстай в аспекте исторических преобразований. В работе подробно анализируется состояние института абыстайства в разные исторические эпохи до начала ХХ века. Осмысляется вклад института абыстайства в развитие системы образования татарского народа. Выявляются особенности деятельности абыстай и многогранность их роли в жизни татарского общества до начала ХХ века. В статье также отмечается заслуга абыстай в сохранении национально-культурной идентичности татарского народа.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The institution of abistayhood known today, in one form or another, had been formed and had been functioning among the ancestors of the Tatars for hundreds of years. For centuries, the abistays played the role of mugallims, that is, teachers and spiritual mentors for Tatar women. The relevance of the topic of this work is due to the fact that it is an important component of such a problem as the history of female and Islamic education among the Tatars. Field materials collected by the author in the period from 2022 to 2024 are introduced into circulation. This article is the first study to provide a comprehensive description of the abistay phenomenon in terms of historical transformations. The work analyzes in detail the state of the institution of abistayhood in different historical periods before the beginning of the XX century. The contribution of the institution of abistayhood to the development of the education system of the Tatar people is understood. The features of the activities of the abistays and the versatility of their role in the life of Tatar society until the early twentieth century are revealed. The article also notes the merit of the abistays in preserving the national and cultural identity of the Tatar people.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>институт абыстайства</kwd><kwd>татары</kwd><kwd>абыстай</kwd><kwd>ислам</kwd><kwd>система образования</kwd><kwd>медресе</kwd><kwd>женское образование</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Institution of abistayhood</kwd><kwd>Tatars</kwd><kwd>abistay</kwd><kwd>Islam</kwd><kwd>education system</kwd><kwd>madrasah</kwd><kwd>female education</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Фукс К.Ф. 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