Before the formation of the USSR, Turks and Russians had a very long history of relations. According to different estimates, Russia fought Turkey 12–13 times. The different assessments of this relationship presented by the authors from Europe, Turkey and Armenia deserve closer attention. The conclusion offers several findings about the nature of these assessments across geopolitical regions and attempts to systematize them. While much can be said about the historical development of bilateral relations, this article focuses on the military‑political dimension in the Middle East, especially in light of mounting tensions in Europe and worldwide. The purpose of the article is to track how researchers’ assessments change depending on their affiliation with a particular state or region – Turkey, Armenia, the European region, or the Russian Federation. The object of the study comprises evaluations by various authors of aspects in the history of Turkey-Russia relations over the last five years.