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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">minbar</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Minbar. Islamic Studies</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Minbar. Islamic Studies</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2618-9569</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2712-7990</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Russian Islamic Institute</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31162/2618-9569-2019-12-3-665-688</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">minbar-664</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ИСТОРИЧЕСКИЕ НАУКИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>HISTORY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Заря исламистской проблематики Ближнего Востока: «Магометанское братство» в Сирии в начале  ХХ в.</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Dawn of the Middle East Islamism: «Mohammedan Brotherhood» in Syria in the early 20th century</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9796-2411</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сарабьев</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sarabiev</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Сарабьев  Алексей Викторович - кандидат  исторических  наук,  ведущий  научный   сотрудник   Центра   арабских   и исламских исследований Института востоковедения РАН;  главный  редактор  ежегодника «Религия и общество на Востоке»  Института  востоковедения РАН.</p><p>Москва.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Aleksei V. Sarabiev - Ph.D.    (Hist.), Leading Researcher of the Centre of Arabic and Islamic Studies of Institute of Oriental Studies   of  of  the   Russian   Academy  of Sciences; Editor-in-Ch «Religion and Society in the East» of Institute of Oriental  Studies of of the Russian Academy of Sciences.</p><p>Moscow.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">alsaraby@ivran.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт востоковедения Российской академии наук</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute of Oriental Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2019</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>29</day><month>11</month><year>2019</year></pub-date><volume>12</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>665</fpage><lpage>688</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Сарабьев А.В., 2019</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2019</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Сарабьев А.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Sarabiev A.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.minbar.su/jour/article/view/664">https://www.minbar.su/jour/article/view/664</self-uri><abstract><p>Продолжающиеся уже много  лет трагические  события  на Ближнем  Востоке, связанные с религиозными лозунгами  и активностью экстремистских организаций исламистского толка, заставляют  обращаться  к истокам  этих движений.  Анализ  документов и свидетельств  той поры  позволяет  сделать  вывод,  что начало  борьбы  и пропаганды в регионе  исламистских  организаций следует относить  к периоду более раннему,  чем это принято, а именно к первым годам ХХ в. Основными материалами автору послужили донесения российского  консула в Дамаске, князя  Бориса Николаевича Шаховского  (1870–1926).  Дипломат  детально  описывал  развернутую  в 1909 г. в Дамаске работу отделения организации «Магометанское братство».  Как в случае с почти одноименной египетской организацией, созданной  в 1928 г., которую на этапе ее основания некоторые исследователи связывают с английской  разведкой, Шаховской  полагал, что и в его время англичане были заинтересованы в дестабилизации общественной безопасности  в сирийских  районах и использовали ее потенциал  в интересах Британии. Эта мысль нашла свои подтверждения как в документах тех лет, так и позднее, вплоть до настоящего времени.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The tragic events in the Middle East that have been going on for many years, connected with religious slogans and the activism of extremist  Islamist organizations, force us to turn  to the origins of these movements.  Analysis of documents and evidence of that time allows us to conclude  that  the beginning  of the struggle  and propaganda of Islamist organizations in the region should be attributed to the period earlier than it was accepted, namely to the early years of the 20th century. The main materials, used by the author, were the reports of the Russian consul in Damascus, Prince Boris N. Shakhovskoy  (1870–1926). This diplomat described in detail the work of local branch of the organization «Mohammedan Brotherhood», which was launched in 1909 in Damascus as well. As it was the case with the almost namesake  Egyptian organization, established  in 1928, which at the time of its foundation, some researchers associated  with the British intelligence,  Shakhovskoy  in his time also believed that  the British were interested in destabilization of public security  in Syrian  regions  and  used  its potential  in the  interests  of Britain. This notion is confirmed both in the earlier period and later, until today.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>исламизм</kwd><kwd>исламский  модернизм</kwd><kwd>мусульманский экстремизм</kwd><kwd>межконфессиональные  отношения</kwd><kwd>российские   дипломаты</kwd><kwd>Османская   империя</kwd><kwd>Дамаск</kwd><kwd>«Магометанское братство»</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Islamism</kwd><kwd>Islamic modernism</kwd><kwd>Muslim extremism</kwd><kwd>interfaith relations</kwd><kwd>Russian diplomats</kwd><kwd>Ottoman  Empire</kwd><kwd>Damascus</kwd><kwd>«Mohammedan Brotherhood»</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Сейранян Б.Г. Мухаммед Абдо: творец мыслящего Египта. Восток (Oriens). 2011;(2):32–42.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Seyranyan,   Bagrat   G.  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