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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">minbar</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Minbar. Islamic Studies</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Minbar. Islamic Studies</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2618-9569</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2712-7990</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Russian Islamic Institute</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31162/2618-9569-2020-13-1-13-37</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">minbar-713</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ИСТОРИЧЕСКИЕ НАУКИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>HISTORY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Шиитское духовенство в рядах иранских масонов</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Shiite clergy among Iranian Masons</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5743-2002</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Арабаджян</surname><given-names>З. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Arabadzhyan</surname><given-names>Z. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Арабаджян Завен Артемович, кандидат экономических наук, старший научный сотрудник Центра изучения стран Ближнего и Среднего Востока</p><p>г. Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Arabadzhyan Zaven Artemovich, Cand. Sci. (Economic), Senior Researcher for the Center of the Middle East study</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">arabzava@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт Востоковедения РАН</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute of Oriental Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2020</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>07</day><month>04</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>13</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>13</fpage><lpage>37</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Арабаджян З.А., 2020</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Арабаджян З.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Arabadzhyan Z.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.minbar.su/jour/article/view/713">https://www.minbar.su/jour/article/view/713</self-uri><abstract><p>Статья посвящена истории зарождения и развития иранского масонства и участию в масонских структурах представителей шиитского духовенства. Поскольку само масонство исторически в Европе являлось проводником либеральных идей, то, казалось бы, религиозные деятели Ирана, стоящие на позициях традиционализма, должны были быть предельно враждебно настроены к этому течению. Однако иранский опыт показал, что это не так и большая группа шиитских улемов, включая и наиболее авторитетных, в разное время входила в местные масонские ложи. Особенно активно духовенство было в эпоху Конституционной революции 1905-1911 гг., когда использовало масонские ложи и квазимасонские структуры для борьбы с абсолютистской монархией. В этих структурах многие его представители занимали руководящие позиции и влияли на ход конкретных исторических событий и принимаемые решения. Во второй половине ХХ века участие религиозных деятелей в масонских ложах Ирана стало ослабевать. Также автор анализирует слухи о принадлежности аятоллы Хомейни к масонству с целью определения степени их достоверности.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The article is devoted to the history of the origins and development of Iranian Freemasonry and the Shiite clergy participation in Masonic structures. Since Freemasonry itself has historically been the conductor of liberal ideas in Europe, it would seem that religious figures in Iran, who are in the position of traditionalism, should have been extremely hostile to this trend. However, Iranian experience has shown that this is not so, and a large group of Shiite ulama, including even the most authoritative, at various times entered the local Masonic lodges. The clergy were especially active during the era of the Constitutional Revolution of 1905-1911, when they used Masonic lodges and quasi-Masonic structures to fight the absolutist monarchy. Most of its representatives held a leadership positions in these structures and inﬂuenced the course of specific historical events and the decisions made. In the second half of the twentieth century the participation of religious leaders in the Masonic lodges of Iran began to weaken. The author also analyzes the rumors about Ayatollah Khomeini’s belonging to Freemasonry in order to determine the degree of their reliability.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Иран</kwd><kwd>масонство</kwd><kwd>ислам</kwd><kwd>шиитское духовенство</kwd><kwd>Конституционная революция 1905-1911 гг.</kwd><kwd>аятолла Сеид Мохаммед Табатабаи</kwd><kwd>аятолла Хомейни</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Iran</kwd><kwd>Freemasonry</kwd><kwd>Islam</kwd><kwd>Shiite clergy</kwd><kwd>Constitutional Revolution of 1905-1911</kwd><kwd>Ayatollah Seyid Mohammed Tabatabai</kwd><kwd>Ayatollah Khomeini</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Арабаджян З.А. Иранское масонство и его роль в социально-политическом развитии страны (от истоков по начало ХХ века). М., 2019. 179 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Arabadzhyan Z. A. 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