Ibn-Rushd (Averroes). The Incoherence of the Incoherence. Part Four

This series of publications is a translation of selected sections from the book “The Incoherence of the Incoherence” (Tahafut at-Tahafut) by a peripatetic philosopher Ibn Rushd (Averroes, d. 1198), written in response to the book by asharite mutakallim al-Ghazali (d. 1111) “The Incoherence of the Philosophers” (Tahafut al-Falasifa).

In this part Ibn Rushd completes the analysis of al-Ghazali’s criticism of the philosophical proofs for the eternity of the world. Here are the answers to the last part of Ghazalian objections to the second proof (“from the eternity of time”), as well as to the objections to the third (“from the eternity of possibility”) and the fourth (“from the eternity of matter”).

1. Ibrahim T., Efremova N.V. On Averroes’ response to al-Ghazali’s critique of philosophy. Minbar. Islamic Studies. 2020;13(2):378–400. DOI: 10.31162/2618-9569-2020-13-2-378-400 (In Russian)

2. а. Ibrahim T., Efremova N.V. Ibn-Rushd (Averroes). The Incoherence of the Incoherence. Part One. Minbar. Islamic Studies. 2020;13(3):605–636. DOI: https:// doi.org/10.31162/2618-9569-2020-13-3-605-636 (In Russian)

3. b. Ibrahim T., Efremova N.V. Ibn-Rushd (Averroes). The Incoherence of the Incoherence. Part Two. Minbar. Islamic Studies. 2020;13(4):863–899. DOI: 10.31162/2618-9569-2020-13-4-863-899 (In Russian)

4. c. Ibrahim T., Efremova N.V. Ibn-Rushd (Averroes). The Incoherence of the Incoherence. Part Three. Minbar. Islamic Studies. 2021;4(1):117–151. DOI:10.31162/2618-9569-2021-14-1-117-151 (In Russian)

5. Ibn Rushd. Tahafut at-Tahafut. Beirut: Markaz dirasat al-wahda al-‘arabiyya; 1998. 600 p. (In Arabic)

6. а. Ibn Rushd. Tahāfot at-tahāfot. Bouyges M. (ed.). Beirut: Imprimerie catholique; 1930. 680 p. (In Arabic)

7. Algazel. Tahāfot al-Falāsifat. Bouyges M. (ed.). Beirut: Impremerie catholique; 1927. 30, 447 p. (In Arabic)

8. а. al-Ghazali. Tahafut al-Falasifa. Cairo: Dar al-Ma‘arif; 1972. 371 p. (In Arabic)

9. b. al-Ghazali. Krushenie pozicij filosofov [The Incoherence of the Philosophers (Russian translation)]. Moscow: Ansar; 2007. 277 p. (In Russian)

10. Ibn Sina. Iscelenie (fragmenty) [The Healing (excerpts)]. Musul’manskaya filosofiya (fal’safa): antologiya [Muslim philosophy (Falsafa): An Anthology]. Ibrahim T.K., Efremova N.V. (eds). Kazan: Spiritual Directorate of Muslims of the Republic of Tatarstan; 2009, pp. 309–456. (In Russian)

11. Aristotle. Fizika [Physics]. Sochineniya v chetyryokh tomakh. Т. 3. [Writings in four volumes Vol. 3.]. Moscow: Mysl; 1976, pp. 61–262. (In Russian)

12. Galen. O zavisimosti svojstv dushi ot temperamentov tela [The soul’s traits depend on bodily temperament]. Appendix to: Balalykin D.A. Sushchnostnoe edinstvo duhovnogo i telesnogo v teoretiko-prakticheskoj sisteme Galena. Сhast› I. [An essential unity of spiritual and material in Galen’s theoretical and practical system. Part I]. Filosofskie nauki [Philosophical Sciences]. 2014;3(62):123–145. (In Russian)

13. al-Ghazali. Nisha sveta [The niche of lights]. “Nastavleniya pravitelyam” i drugie sochineniya [“Admonitions to the governors” and other works.]. Moscow: Ansar; 2004, pp. 199–252. (In Russian)