For citations:

Gabdrafikova L.R. Russian class and madrasah in 1870–1917: the history of confrontation (on the example of the city of Chistopol, Kazan province). Minbar. Islamic Studies. 2022;15(4):830-855. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.31162/2618-9569-2022-15-4-830-855