Features of the methodological views of Rizaetdin Fakhretdinov (1859-1936) on the concept of ijma‘
https://doi.org/10.31162/2618-9569-2024-17-3-638-658
Abstract
This article is devoted to the study of the nature and essence of one of the fundamental sources of Islamic Law - ijma‘ in the methodological views of the Qadi and the Mufti of the Central Spiritual Administration of Muslims of Russia Rizaetdin Fakhretdinov (1859-1936). The conceptual features of Fakhretdinov’s characteristic views on the nature of ijma‘, its essence, the conditions of its emergence and the specifics of its practical adaptation allowed him to raise important questions regarding the competence of participants making a consolidated decision, the categoricalness and duration of the legal force of such decisions. His views on the institutionalization of ijma‘ may indicate the presence of regional competence of ijma‘ representatives. The study of ijma‘ was carried out on the basis of an analysis of Fakhretdinov’s views with the views of classical methodologists (usuliyyun), during which the author attempts to substantiate them within the framework of Hanafi methodological thought. The article is intended to make a modest contribution to the study of the nature of ijma‘ and its role in the religious and legal life of Muslims. The nature of the article is also on rethinking the assessment of the classical heritage of fiqh, the development of a critical and practice-oriented approach in individual and collegial forms of the methodology of fatwa creation. Moreover, the paper means to attract the attention of modern researchers in the field of methodology to these issues within the Islamic Law.
About the Author
R. I. Azamatov
Russian Islamic University
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Rustem I. Azamatov, PhD (Theology), Senior Lecturer of the Department of Islamic Sciences
Ufa
References
1. Suyargulov R.R. Religioznoye reformatorstvo v Rossii (jadidizm) vo vtoroy polovine XIX – nachale XX vv. I religiozno-filosofckiye vozzreniya reformatorov: uchebnoye posobiye [Religious reformation in Russia (Jadidism) in the second half of the 19 ͭ ͪ - early 20 ͭ ͪ centuries and religious and philosophical views of the reformers: schoolbook]. Ufa: Vostochnaya pechat’ Press; 2021. 86 p. (In Russian)
2. Murad Ramzi. Talfiq al-akhbar wa talqikh al-asar fi wakai‘ Kazan wa Bulgar wa muluk al-tatar [Embellishment of News and Introduction of Essays about the Events in Kazan, in Bulgar and of the Tatar Kings]. Khamidullin S.I. (ed.). Vol. 1. Ufa: Bashkortostan State University; The Center for The Study of the Historical Heritage of Bashkortostan «SHEJERE»; National Library of Bashkortostan Republic; Kitap Press; 2017. 600 p. (In Russian)
3. Adygamov R.K. Ijtihad in the Islamic legal tradition and the legacy of Tatar theologians of the end 18 ͭ ͪ – early 20 ͭ ͪ centuries. Bolgar: Foliant Press; 2021. 184 p. (In Russian)
4. Fatkhullin R.A. Development of the theological traditions of Muslims in the Volga region and the Urals in the 18 ͭ ͪ – early 20 ͭ ͪ centuries. Minbar. Islamic Studies. 2023;16(4):859–870. DOI: 10.31162/2618-9569-2023-16-4-859-870 (In Russian)
5. Yunusuva A.B. Islam, State, Society: the views of Riza Fakhretdinov. Innovative resources of Muslim education and culture: Second Fakhretdinov readings. Collection of materials of the All-Russian scientific and practical conference. Мoscow: Medina Press; 2011, рр. 40–44. (In Russian)
6. Khabutdinov A.Y. Rizajetdin Fahretdin (1859–1936) o modeli gosudarstva Novogo vremeni [Rizaetdin Fakhretdin (1859–1936) on the model of the Modern Epoch state]. Islam v sovremennom mire [Islam in the Modern World]. 2021;17(3):107–120; DOI 10.22311/2074-1529-2021-17-3-107-120 (In Russian)
7. Baishev F.N. Obshchestvenno-politicheskie i nravstvenno-eticheskie vzglyady R. Fahretdinova [Socio-political and moral and ethical views of R. Fakhretdinov]. Ufa: Kitap Press; 1996. 176 p. (In Russian)
8. Mukhetdinov D.V. Rizajetdin Fahretdin (1859–1936) kak osnovopolozhnik faizhanovedenija [Rizaetdin Fakhretdin (1859–1936) as the founder of Faizkhanov studies]. Islam v sovremennom mire [Islam in the Modern World]. 2024;20(1):27–40. DOI 10.22311/2074-1529-2024-20-1-27-40 (In Russian)
9. Nasyrov I.R. Mesto i rol' tradicii v obnovlenii [The place and the role of tradition in renewal]. Islam v sovremennom mire [Islam in the Modern World]. 2022;18(2):75–102. DOI 10.22311/2074-1529-2022-18-2-75-102 (In Russian)
10. Ibrahim Marash. Religioznoe obnovlenie v tjurkskom mire [Religious renewal in the Turkic world]. Kazan: Russian Islamic University Press; 2021. 307 p. (In Russian)
11. Karibullin A.A., Mukhametshin R.M. Problematika islamskogo verouchenija v trudah R. Fahreddina (Rida-ad-dina ibn Fahr-ad-dina) [Problems of Islamic doctrine in the works of R. Fakhreddin (Ridha’ al-Din ibn Fakhr al-Din)]. Minbar. Islamic Studies. 2023;16(4):871–883. DOI: 10.31162/2618-9569-2023-16-4-871-883 (In Russian)
12. Farkhshatov M.N. Novye dokumenty muftija Rizajetdina Fahretdina o Pervom Vsemirnom kongresse musul'man v Mekke v 1926 g. [Newly found documents of Rizaetdin bin Fakhretdin abоut the First World Muslim Congress in Mecca (1926)]. Islam v sovremennom mire [Islam in the Modern World]. 2023;19(4):105–120; DOI 10.22311/2074-1529-2023-19-4-105-120 (In Russian)
13. Ridha’ al-Din ibn Fakhr al-Din. Dini wa ijtima‘i mas’alalar [Religious and Social Issues]. Orenburg: Waqt Press; 1914. 208 p. (In Turki)
14. Rashid Ridha. Mutafarnijun wa al-islah al-islami [Europeanized and Islamic Reformation]. al-Manar Journal. 1918;20(10):429–437. (In Arabic)
15. ‘Ala’ al-Din al-Samarqandi. Mizan al-usul fi nata’ij al-‘uqul [The Criteria of Principles about the Results of Minds]. Cairo: Dar al-Turath Press; 1999. 802 p. (In Arabic)
16. Abu Bakr al-Sarakhsi. Tamhid al-fusul fi al-usul [The Preparation of Sections about Principles]. Vol. 1. Beirut: Dar al-Kutub al-‘ilmiyyah Press; 1993. 416 р. (In Arabic)
17. Kamal al-Din Ibn al-Humam. Al-Tahrir fi usul al-fiqh [The Editing in the Principles of Islamic Jurisprudence]. Beirut: Mu’assasat al-Dhuha Press; 2022. 576 p. (In Arabic)
18. Abu Bakr al-Jassas. Al-Fusul fi al-usul [The Sections of the Principles]. Vol. 2. Beirut: Dar al-Kutub al-‘ilmiyyah Press; 2010. 445 р. (In Arabic)
19. Qiwam al-Din al-Itqani. Al-Tabyin [The Explanation]. Vol. 1. Kuwait: Wizarat al-awqaf wa al-shu’un al-islamiyyah Press; 1999. 730 p. (In Arabic)
20. ‘Abd Allah ibn Ahmad Ibn Qudamah. Rawdat al-nazir wa jannat al-munazir [The Garden of the Observer and the Meadow of the Debater]. Vol. 1. Beirut: Mu’assasat al-Rayyan Press; 1998. 638 p. (In Arabic)
21. Sayf al-Din ‘Ali ibn Muhammad al-Amidi. Al-Ihkam fi usul al-ahkam [The Strengthening on the Priciples of Norms]. Vol. 1. Riyadh: Dar al-Sumay‘i Press; 2003. 379 p. (In Arabic)
22. Abu Ishaq al-Shirazi. Al-Tabsira fi usul al-fiqh [The Enlightenment of the Principles of Islamic Jurisprudence]. Beirut: Dar al-Kutub al-‘ilmiyyah Press; 2013. 320 p. (In Arabic)
23. Ibn Amir al-Hajj. Al-Taqrir wa al-takhbir [The Resolution and the Decoration]. Vol. 3. Beirut: Dar al-Kutub al-‘ilmiyyah Press; 1999. 455 p. (In Arabic)
24. Mulla Khusraw. Mir’at al-usul: sharh mirqat al-wusul [The Mirror of Principles: comments on the Ladder of Achievement]. Beirut: Dar Sadir Press; 2011. 477 p. (In Arabic)
25. Koran: Perevod s arabskogo I kommentarii M.-N. O. Osmanova [Quran: Translation from Arabic and comments by M.-N. O. Osmanov]. Moscow: Ladomir, Vostochnaya literatura Press; 1995. 567 p. (In Russian)
26. Abu ‘Abd Allah Muhammad al-Hakim. Al-Mustadrak ‘ala al-Sahihayn [The Supplement for What is Missing from al-Bukhari and Muslim]. Vol. 1. Beirut: Dar al-Kutub al-‘ilmiyyah Press; 2002. 772 p. (In Arabic)
27. Abu Bakr al-Sarakhsi. Al-Mabsut [The Lengthy Explanation]. Vol. 17. Beirut: Dar al-Ma‘rifah Press; 1989. 202 p. (In Arabic)
28. Abu Hamid al-Ghazali. Al-Mustasfa min ‘ilm al-usul [On the Legal Theory of Islamic Jurisprudence]. Vol. 1. Beirut: al-Maktabah al-‘asriyyah Press; 2009. 335 p. (In Arabic)
29. Majallat al-ahkam al-‘adliyyah: fiqh mu‘amalat fi al-madhhab al-hanafi ma‘a-ha qarar huquq al-‘a’ilah fi al-nikah al-madani wa al-talaq [Civil Code of the Ottoman Empire, Fiqh of Property Relations Based on Hanafi Madhhab, with Rulings on the Rights of the Family in Marriage and Divorce]. Bassam ‘Abd al-Wahhab al-Jabi (ed.). Beirut: Dar Ibn Hazm Press; 2011. 592 p. (In Arabic)
30. Syukiyaynen L.R. Obshiue printsipi fikha kak yuridicheskoye virajeniye eticheskih tsennostey islama [General Principles of fiqh as a Legal Expression of the Ethical Values of Islam]. Ishrak: Ezhegodnik islamskoj filosofii [Ishraq: Islamic Philosophy Yearbook]. 2010;(1):219–241. (In Russian)
31. ‘Ala’ al-Din al-Bukhari. Kashf al-asrar ‘an usul Fakhr al-Islam al-Bazdawi [Revealing the Secrets about the Principles Fakhr al-Islam al-Bazdawi]. Vol. 3. Beirut: Dar al-Kutub al-‘ilmiyyah Press; 2009. 584 p. (In Arabic)
32. Abu Bakr al-Sarakhsi. Tamhid al-fusul fi al-usul [Preparation of Sections about the Principles]. Vol. 2. Beirut: Dar al-Kutub al-‘ilmiyyah Press; 1993. 387 р. (In Arabic)
33. Abu Bakr al-Jassas. Al-Fusul fi al-usul [The Sections of the Principles]. Vol. 1. Beirut: Dar al-Kutub al-‘ilmiyyah Press; 2010. 579 р. (In Arabic)
34. Amir Badishah. Taysir al-tahrir [Facilitation of the Editing]. Vol. 3. Cairo: Matba‘at Mustafa al-Babi al-Halabi wa awladi-hi; 1932. 336 p. (In Arabic)
35. Najm al-Din al-Tufi. Risalah fi ri‘ayat al-maslahah [The Message about the Observance of the Maslahah]. Cairo: al-Dar al-misriyyah al-lubnaniyyah Press; 1993. 61 p. (In Arabic)
36. Ibn Majah. Sunan Ibn Majah [Ibn Majah’s Hadith Corpus]. Beirut: Dar al-Kutub al-‘ilmiyyah Press; 2009. 760 p. (In Arabic)
37. Azamatov R.İ. Teoriya tseley shariata i yeyo svyaz’ s istochnikami islamskogo prava: uchebnoye posobiye [The theory of Sharia purposes and its relationship with the sources of Islamic Law: schoolbook]. Ufa: Bashkortostan State Pedagogical University Press; 2018. 124 p. (In Russian)
38. Ma‘ruf al-Dawalibi. Al-Madkhal ’il a ‘ilm usul al-fiqh [Introduction to the Science of Principles of Islamic Law]. Beirut: Matabi‘ dar al-‘ilm li al-malayin Press; 1965. 461 p. (In Arabic)
39. Subhi Mahmasani. Falsafat al-tashri‘ fi al-Islam [The Philosophy of Jurisprudence in Islam]. Beirut: Maktabat al-Kashshaf wa matba‘atu-ha Press; 1946. 351 p. (In Arabic)
40. ‘Ali Hasab Allah. Usul al-tashri‘ al-islami [The Principles of Islamic Jurisprudence]. Cairo: Dar al-Fikr al-‘Arabi Press; 1997. 370 p. (In Arabic)
41. ‘Abd al-Wahhab Khallaf. ‘Ilm usul al-fiqh [The Science of the Principles of Islamic Jurisprudence]. Damascus: Maktabat Dar al-Fajr Press; 2020. 400 p. (In Arabic)
42. Muhammad Taqi al-‘Uthmani. Buhuth fi qadhaya fiqhiyyah mu‘asirah [Studies in Contemporary Jurisprudential Issues]. Vol. 2. Damascus: Dar al-Qalam Press; 2017. 304 p. (In Arabic)
Review
For citations:
Azamatov R.I. Features of the methodological views of Rizaetdin Fakhretdinov (1859-1936) on the concept of ijma‘. Minbar. Islamic Studies. 2024;17(3):638-658. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.31162/2618-9569-2024-17-3-638-658
Views:
266
Email this article 