Ibn-Rushd (Averroes). The Incoherence of the Incoherence. Part One

The book “The Incoherence of the Incoherence” (Tahafut at-Tahafut) by a peripatetic philosopher Ibn Rushd (Averroes, d. 1198) is written in response to the work of the theologian-asharite al-Ghazali (d. 1111) “The Incoherence of the Philosophers” (Tahafut al-Falasifa), in which he criticizes Muslim philosophical school Falsafa, mainly represented by al-Farabi (d. 950) and especially by Ibn Sina (Avicenna, d. 1037). This series of publications presents a translation of the chapters dedicated to three theses attributed to Falsafa and qualified by al-Ghazali as “heretical” (kufr), which are about the eternity of the world, about the mere universal character of God’s knowledge of individual things and about the impossibility of body resurrection.

This part includes Ibn Rushd’s answer to the first of two objections raised by al-Ghazali to the main proof for the pre-eternity of God’s creation - “from complete cause”. Parrying this objection, Ibn Rushd also examines the arguments of his opponents in favour of temporal creationism.

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2. Ibn Rushd. Tahafut at-Tahafut. Beirut: Markaz dirasat al-wahda al-‘arabiyya; 1998. 600 p. (In Arabic)

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6. Ibn Sina. Iscelenie (fragmenty) [The Healing (excerpts)]. Ibrahim T.K., Efremova N.V. (eds). Musulmanskaya filosofiya (falsafa): antologiya [Muslim philosophy (Falsafa): An Anthology]. Kazan: Spiritual Directorate of Muslims of the Republic of Tatarstan; 2009, pp. 309-456. (In Russian)

7. Ibn Sina (Avicenna). Ukazaniya i napominaniya (Razdel po metafizike)

8. [Remarks and Admonitions: on metaphysics]. Ibrahim T., Efremova N.V. (translation from Arabic into Russian, comments and introduction). Part 2. Orientalistica. 2018;1(3-4):461-486. DOI:10.31696/2618-7043-2018-1-3-4-461-486 (In Russian)

9. Ibrahim T., Efremova N.V. O kritike Ibn-Rushdom asharitskogo kalama [On Ibn Rushd’s criticism of Asharite Kalam]. Minbar. Islamic Studies. 2018;11(3):553-562. DOI: 10.31162/2618-9569-2018-11-3-553-562 (In Russian)

10. Aristotle. Vtoraya Analitika [Posterior Analytics]. Aristotle. Sochineniya v chetyryokh tomakh. T. 2. [Writings in four volumes]. Vol. 2. Moscow: Mysl press; 1978, pp. 255-531. (In Russian)

11. Ibn Sina. Ash-Shifa’: Al-Mantiq: 5) Al-Burhan. Cairo: Wizarat at-tarbiya wa-t-ta‘lim; 1956. 346 p. (In Arabic)

12. Aristotle. Fizika [Physics]. Aristotle. Sochineniya v chetyryokh tomakh [Writings in four volumes]. Vol. 3. Moscow: Mysl press; 1976, pp. 61-262. (In Russian)

13. Aristotle. O sofisticheskikh oproverzheniyakh [On Sophistical Refutations]. Aristotle. Sochineniya v chetyryokh tomakh [Writings in four volumes]. Vol. 2. Moscow: Mysl press; 1978, pp. 533-593 (In Russian)

14. Ibn Rushd. Bol’shoy kommentariy k «Metafizike» Aristotelya: Razdel ob obosnovanii bytiya Boga i Ego atributov [Long Commentary on Aristotle’s Metaphysics: Section on the proof of God’s existence and His attributes]. Efremova N.V. (translation from Arabic into Russian, comments and introduction). Ars Islamica: v chest’ Stanislava Mikhajlovicha Prozorova [Ars Islamica: in honor of Stanislav Mikhailovich Prozorov]. Moscow: Nauka - Oriental literature; 2016, pp. 482-522. (In Russian)

15. Ibn Hazm. Al-Muhalla bi-l-athar. Beirut: Dar al-Kutub al-‘ilmiyya; 2002. 538 p. (In Arabic)

16. al-Kindi. O pervoj filosofii [On the First Philosophy]. Ibrahim T.K., Efremova N.V. (eds). Musulmanskaya filosofiya (falsafa): antologiya [Muslim philosophy (Falsafa): An Anthology]. Kazan: Spiritual Directorate of Muslims of the Republic of Tatarstan; 2009, pp. 20-77. (In Russian)

17. Ibn Rushd. Kitab as-Sama‘ at-tabi‘i. - Rasa’il Ibn Rushd. Hyderabad Da’irat al-Ma‘arif al-‘uthmaniyya; 1947. 126 p. (In Arabic)